Enterprise Architecture Case Study-Lending Journey
- Anand Nerurkar
- Sep 30
- 4 min read
📌 Digital Lending Enterprise Architecture Case Study
Customer: Amit RBuilder: Prestige GroupBank: ABC BankRole: Enterprise Architect
1. Enterprise Strategy & Vision
The digital lending transformation aims to:
Deliver seamless end-to-end loan processing for customers like Amit R.
Enable trusted collaboration with external parties (builders, regulators, bureaus).
Ensure regulatory compliance (RBI, SEBI, FIU-IND).
Drive scalability & resilience through microservices + cloud-native deployment (Azure/AWS/GCP).
Integrate AI/GenAI for customer experience (loan FAQs, advisory, fraud insights).
As Enterprise Architect, I defined the strategic roadmap ensuring long-term IT investment alignment with business growth.
2. Business–IT Alignment
Business Goal: Faster disbursal, compliance adherence, customer trust.
IT Enablement:
Onboarding microservices with Fenergo integration for KYC/CDD/EDD.
Risk & fraud workflows via Actimize (AML/Financial Crime) + Experian Hunter (Fraud Score).
Creditworthiness checks with CIBIL/Experian APIs.
SailPoint Identity Governance to ensure RBAC (maker/checker/approver) across systems.
Compliance reporting integration with FIU-IND & RBI.
3. End-to-End Lending Journey (with integrations & security at each hop)
1. Onboarding & Authentication
Amit logs into the portal → authenticated via Azure AD.
SailPoint governs access (role → permission mapping).
Security: OAuth2, MFA, TLS 1.3 encryption.
2. KYC / CDD / EDD
KYC initiated → Fenergo API integration for onboarding, AML/CDD/EDD.
RBI reporting compliance → reports generated automatically.
Security: API Management + WAF + Key Vault for secrets.
3. Credit & Fraud Checks
CIBIL/Experian → Credit score fetch.
Experian Hunter → Fraud score assessment.
Actimize Crime → AML + financial crime risk engine.
Security: Zero-trust access policies, data masking for PII.
4. Loan Evaluation & Approval
Business rules engine validates loan eligibility.
Maker-checker workflow governed by SailPoint policies.
Automated → STP; else routed for manual review.
5. Builder Collaboration (Prestige Group)
Property verification & document upload via Builder Portal microservice.
Access governed by RBAC from SailPoint.
Audit trail logs in central governance layer.
6. Risk & Compliance
Batch Jobs: ABC Bank → SFTP staging → Actimize ingestion layer → ETL pipeline.
ETL generates CTR, STR, NTR, CBWR compliance reports.
Reports pushed to FIU-IND portal.
Security: File checksum, hash-based verification, restricted SFTP access.
7. Loan Disbursement
Payment released to Prestige Group escrow account.
Secured integration with Core Banking → escrow mgmt.
AML & fraud checks validated again before release.
8. Post-Loan Advisory
GenAI-enabled Banking Advisor provides FAQ, repayment options, cross-sell.
Integrated with knowledge base, embeddings, and AML alerts to improve customer engagement.
4. Capability Map
Business Capabilities:
Customer Onboarding
Identity & Access Management
KYC/AML/EDD
Credit & Fraud Assessment
Loan Origination
Risk & Compliance Reporting
Disbursement & Escrow Management
Customer Advisory
Supporting IT Capabilities:
API Management
IAM & Governance (SailPoint + Azure AD)
Data Lake & ETL (for Actimize & compliance reporting)
AI/ML (fraud models, GenAI Advisor)
Cloud Ops (AKS, monitoring, scaling)
Security (encryption, WAF, SIEM, DLP)
5. Capability → Service → Application Map
KYC/EDD/CDD → Fenergo service → Onboarding Microservice
Identity Governance → SailPoint → Access Control Layer
AML/Crime → Actimize → Risk & Compliance Microservice
Credit Score → CIBIL/Experian API → Loan Evaluation Service
Fraud Score → Experian Hunter → Fraud Detection Service
Batch Compliance → ETL pipeline → FIU-IND Reporting App
Customer Advisor → GenAI APIs → Banking Advisor App
6. Technology Evaluation & Selection
Azure AD + SailPoint → Identity, Governance, Zero Trust.
Fenergo → RegTech for KYC/EDD/CDD.
Actimize → AML + Financial Crime management.
Experian + CIBIL → Credit/Fraud assessment APIs.
Kafka → Event streaming for real-time credit/fraud alerts.
AKS (Kubernetes) → Container orchestration.
Azure API Management → Secure API exposure.
ELK + Prometheus/Grafana → Observability.
GenAI Framework → Loan FAQ + advisory chatbot.
7. Enterprise Risks & Mitigation
Business Risks
Delayed loan approvals → Mitigation: STP workflows.
Non-compliance fines → Mitigation: automated reporting.
Technology Risks
API downtime → Mitigation: multi-region HA + retry logic.
Data breach → Mitigation: encryption, DLP, SIEM, RBAC.
Security Risks
Insider threats → Mitigation: SailPoint governance + segregation of duties.
Fraud injection → Mitigation: Actimize + Experian Hunter ML models.
Operational Risks
Failed batch jobs → Mitigation: checksum validation, monitoring, ETL retry.
Scalability bottleneck → Mitigation: AKS auto-scaling.
8. RACI Matrix (Simplified)
Activity | Responsible | Accountable | Consulted | Informed |
Strategy & Roadmap | EA | CIO/CTO | Business Heads | All Stakeholders |
Identity Governance | IAM Lead | CISO | EA | IT Ops |
KYC/AML Integration | Risk Team | CRO | EA, Vendor | Compliance |
Architecture Design | EA | CTO | Dev Leads | QA, Ops |
Compliance Reporting | Compliance Lead | CRO | EA | RBI, FIU-IND |
Loan Disbursement | Ops Lead | CFO | EA, Risk | Builder, Customer |
9. Governance & Compliance
Architecture Governance Board: Reviews designs against standards.
Azure Policy + Blueprint: Enforce compliance (RBAC, encryption, geo-restriction).
Audit Trail: Centralized logging of all KYC, AML, disbursement, and advisory transactions.
10. Why This Fits EA JD
IT Strategy Development → Defined long-term digital lending roadmap.
Business-IT Alignment → Balanced Amit (customer), Prestige (builder), ABC Bank, and regulators.
Architecture Design → Mapped capabilities → services → applications.
Technology Evaluation → Selected right tools (SailPoint, Fenergo, Actimize, Experian, GenAI).
Governance & Compliance → Built governance + RACI + risk mitigation.
Stakeholder Collaboration → Worked across business, IT, vendors, and regulators.
✅ This comprehensive case study demonstrates that you’re not just a solution architect but a true Enterprise Architect — covering strategy, governance, compliance, risk, and technology transformation.
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