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Enterprise Architecture Case Study-Lending Journey

  • Writer: Anand Nerurkar
    Anand Nerurkar
  • Sep 30
  • 4 min read

📌 Digital Lending Enterprise Architecture Case Study

Customer: Amit RBuilder: Prestige GroupBank: ABC BankRole: Enterprise Architect

1. Enterprise Strategy & Vision

The digital lending transformation aims to:

  • Deliver seamless end-to-end loan processing for customers like Amit R.

  • Enable trusted collaboration with external parties (builders, regulators, bureaus).

  • Ensure regulatory compliance (RBI, SEBI, FIU-IND).

  • Drive scalability & resilience through microservices + cloud-native deployment (Azure/AWS/GCP).

  • Integrate AI/GenAI for customer experience (loan FAQs, advisory, fraud insights).

As Enterprise Architect, I defined the strategic roadmap ensuring long-term IT investment alignment with business growth.

2. Business–IT Alignment

  • Business Goal: Faster disbursal, compliance adherence, customer trust.

  • IT Enablement:

    • Onboarding microservices with Fenergo integration for KYC/CDD/EDD.

    • Risk & fraud workflows via Actimize (AML/Financial Crime) + Experian Hunter (Fraud Score).

    • Creditworthiness checks with CIBIL/Experian APIs.

    • SailPoint Identity Governance to ensure RBAC (maker/checker/approver) across systems.

    • Compliance reporting integration with FIU-IND & RBI.

3. End-to-End Lending Journey (with integrations & security at each hop)

1. Onboarding & Authentication

  • Amit logs into the portal → authenticated via Azure AD.

  • SailPoint governs access (role → permission mapping).

  • Security: OAuth2, MFA, TLS 1.3 encryption.

2. KYC / CDD / EDD

  • KYC initiated → Fenergo API integration for onboarding, AML/CDD/EDD.

  • RBI reporting compliance → reports generated automatically.

  • Security: API Management + WAF + Key Vault for secrets.

3. Credit & Fraud Checks

  • CIBIL/Experian → Credit score fetch.

  • Experian Hunter → Fraud score assessment.

  • Actimize Crime → AML + financial crime risk engine.

  • Security: Zero-trust access policies, data masking for PII.

4. Loan Evaluation & Approval

  • Business rules engine validates loan eligibility.

  • Maker-checker workflow governed by SailPoint policies.

  • Automated → STP; else routed for manual review.

5. Builder Collaboration (Prestige Group)

  • Property verification & document upload via Builder Portal microservice.

  • Access governed by RBAC from SailPoint.

  • Audit trail logs in central governance layer.

6. Risk & Compliance

  • Batch Jobs: ABC Bank → SFTP staging → Actimize ingestion layer → ETL pipeline.

  • ETL generates CTR, STR, NTR, CBWR compliance reports.

  • Reports pushed to FIU-IND portal.

  • Security: File checksum, hash-based verification, restricted SFTP access.

7. Loan Disbursement

  • Payment released to Prestige Group escrow account.

  • Secured integration with Core Banking → escrow mgmt.

  • AML & fraud checks validated again before release.

8. Post-Loan Advisory

  • GenAI-enabled Banking Advisor provides FAQ, repayment options, cross-sell.

  • Integrated with knowledge base, embeddings, and AML alerts to improve customer engagement.

4. Capability Map

Business Capabilities:

  • Customer Onboarding

  • Identity & Access Management

  • KYC/AML/EDD

  • Credit & Fraud Assessment

  • Loan Origination

  • Risk & Compliance Reporting

  • Disbursement & Escrow Management

  • Customer Advisory

Supporting IT Capabilities:

  • API Management

  • IAM & Governance (SailPoint + Azure AD)

  • Data Lake & ETL (for Actimize & compliance reporting)

  • AI/ML (fraud models, GenAI Advisor)

  • Cloud Ops (AKS, monitoring, scaling)

  • Security (encryption, WAF, SIEM, DLP)

5. Capability → Service → Application Map

  • KYC/EDD/CDD → Fenergo service → Onboarding Microservice

  • Identity Governance → SailPoint → Access Control Layer

  • AML/Crime → Actimize → Risk & Compliance Microservice

  • Credit Score → CIBIL/Experian API → Loan Evaluation Service

  • Fraud Score → Experian Hunter → Fraud Detection Service

  • Batch Compliance → ETL pipeline → FIU-IND Reporting App

  • Customer Advisor → GenAI APIs → Banking Advisor App

6. Technology Evaluation & Selection

  • Azure AD + SailPoint → Identity, Governance, Zero Trust.

  • Fenergo → RegTech for KYC/EDD/CDD.

  • Actimize → AML + Financial Crime management.

  • Experian + CIBIL → Credit/Fraud assessment APIs.

  • Kafka → Event streaming for real-time credit/fraud alerts.

  • AKS (Kubernetes) → Container orchestration.

  • Azure API Management → Secure API exposure.

  • ELK + Prometheus/Grafana → Observability.

  • GenAI Framework → Loan FAQ + advisory chatbot.

7. Enterprise Risks & Mitigation

Business Risks

  • Delayed loan approvals → Mitigation: STP workflows.

  • Non-compliance fines → Mitigation: automated reporting.

Technology Risks

  • API downtime → Mitigation: multi-region HA + retry logic.

  • Data breach → Mitigation: encryption, DLP, SIEM, RBAC.

Security Risks

  • Insider threats → Mitigation: SailPoint governance + segregation of duties.

  • Fraud injection → Mitigation: Actimize + Experian Hunter ML models.

Operational Risks

  • Failed batch jobs → Mitigation: checksum validation, monitoring, ETL retry.

  • Scalability bottleneck → Mitigation: AKS auto-scaling.

8. RACI Matrix (Simplified)

Activity

Responsible

Accountable

Consulted

Informed

Strategy & Roadmap

EA

CIO/CTO

Business Heads

All Stakeholders

Identity Governance

IAM Lead

CISO

EA

IT Ops

KYC/AML Integration

Risk Team

CRO

EA, Vendor

Compliance

Architecture Design

EA

CTO

Dev Leads

QA, Ops

Compliance Reporting

Compliance Lead

CRO

EA

RBI, FIU-IND

Loan Disbursement

Ops Lead

CFO

EA, Risk

Builder, Customer

9. Governance & Compliance

  • Architecture Governance Board: Reviews designs against standards.

  • Azure Policy + Blueprint: Enforce compliance (RBAC, encryption, geo-restriction).

  • Audit Trail: Centralized logging of all KYC, AML, disbursement, and advisory transactions.

10. Why This Fits EA JD

  • IT Strategy Development → Defined long-term digital lending roadmap.

  • Business-IT Alignment → Balanced Amit (customer), Prestige (builder), ABC Bank, and regulators.

  • Architecture Design → Mapped capabilities → services → applications.

  • Technology Evaluation → Selected right tools (SailPoint, Fenergo, Actimize, Experian, GenAI).

  • Governance & Compliance → Built governance + RACI + risk mitigation.

  • Stakeholder Collaboration → Worked across business, IT, vendors, and regulators.

✅ This comprehensive case study demonstrates that you’re not just a solution architect but a true Enterprise Architect — covering strategy, governance, compliance, risk, and technology transformation.

 
 
 

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