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ABC Bank – Digital Lending Transformation Case Study
- Anand Nerurkar
- Sep 30
- 14 min read
Updated: Oct 1
ABC Bank – Digital Lending Transformation Case Study
Digital Lending Enterprise Architecture Case Study
1. Defined Vision & Strategic Alignment
Bank Strategy: Transform into a digital-first, cloud-native bank, reduce cost-to-serve, comply with SEBI/RBI, and launch innovative lending products faster.
Vision Statement: “Build a secure, compliant, cloud-native banking ecosystem that accelerates time-to-market, ensures regulatory resilience, and delivers superior customer experience.”
Strategic Goals Aligned:
Reduce infra & licensing cost by 30% in 2 years.
Cut onboarding TAT from 5 days → 1 day.
Move 100+ apps to cloud with measurable KPIs.
Ensure 100% regulatory compliance (SEBI, FATCA, OFAC, GDPR).
a) Enterprise Strategy
Transform ABC Bank into a cloud-native, digital-first lender.
Cloud-native deployment on Azure AKS, Istio Service Mesh, Azure API Management.
Enable regulatory compliance by design (RBI, FIU-IND, FATCA, OFAC).
Build open, API-driven integrations with ecosystem partners (Fenergo, Actimize, CIBIL, Experian, Hunter).
Legacy modernization:
EJB → Spring Boot Microservices
PL/SQL Stored Procs → REST APIs / Spring Data JPA
Proc*C Batch → Spring Batch
Oracle Forms → Angular Frontend
Automated conversion accelerators where possible.
DevOps + DevSecOps with IaC (Terraform, ARM), CI/CD (Azure DevOps), Security gates (SAST, DAST, container scanning).
Deploy AI/ML & GenAI for fraud detection, credit risk, and customer servicing.
Move from legacy batch-driven architecture to real-time API-first microservices.
Security by design: Zero Trust, RBAC, Data Encryption, SIEM logging, Immutable audit trails.
b) Business–IT Alignment
Business Objective: Speed loan approvals, improve compliance, enhance CX.
IT Execution: Microservices + API integrations, modernized workflows, automation, AI-driven risk detection.
KPIs: Loan approval TAT reduced from weeks → hours, regulatory penalties avoided, fraud losses reduced, NPS improved.
c) Capability /Service/Application Map
Core Capabilities:
Customer Onboarding
Identity & Access Governance (SailPoint + Azure AD)
KYC/CDD/EDD (Fenergo)
AML & Financial Crime (Actimize)
Credit Risk Assessment (CIBIL/Experian)
Fraud Detection (Experian Hunter)
Loan Evaluation & Underwriting
Loan Agreement & Disbursement
Compliance & Regulatory Reporting (FIU-IND, RBI)
Customer Engagement (GenAI Assistant)
Capability → Service Map
Onboarding Capability → Onboarding Service (Microservice)
KYC Capability → Fenergo Integration Service
AML Capability → Actimize Integration Service
Credit Risk Capability → Credit Bureau API Service
Fraud Detection Capability → Fraud Scoring Service
Loan Evaluation Capability → Decision Engine Service
Agreement Capability → Document Management Service
Disbursement Capability → Core Banking Integration Service
Compliance Capability → Regulatory Reporting Service
Customer Engagement Capability → GenAI Chatbot Service
Capability → Application Map
Identity Governance → SailPoint, Azure AD
KYC/EDD/CDD → Fenergo
AML/Crime → Actimize
Credit Score → CIBIL/Experian APIs
Fraud Score → Experian Hunter
Loan Decision → Custom Decision Engine
Agreement → DocuSign + DMS
Disbursement → Core Banking CBS
Compliance Reporting → Actimize + FIU-IND Gateway
Customer Advisory → GenAI Advisor
D) Technology Evaluation & Selection
Microservices: Spring Boot + Kafka
UI Modernization: Oracle Forms → Angular
Batch Modernization: Proc*C → Spring Batch
Legacy Code Conversion: Automated tools (EJB → Java Microservices, PL/SQL → REST APIs)
Cloud Platform: Azure AKS, API Management, Key Vault, Monitor
DevOps: Azure DevOps (CI/CD), Terraform (IaC)
DevSecOps: SAST (SonarQube), DAST (OWASP ZAP), Container Scanning (Aqua/Trivy)
E) Security Across Hops
UI → API Gateway → Identity (Azure AD) → IAM Governance (SailPoint)
API → Microservices (JWT, mTLS, OAuth2)
Microservices → External Partners (Fenergo, Actimize, CIBIL, Experian) secured via VPN/IPSec + API keys
Data at Rest: Encrypted (AES-256), Key Vault
Data in Motion: TLS 1.3
Audit Logging: Immutable log store (ELK + WORM storage)
F. EA Framework & Tools
TOGAF 9.2 (The Open Group Architecture Framework)
Applied ADM cycle (Architecture Development Method) for business, application, data, and technology architecture.
Built Capability Map → Application Map → Service/Technology Map.
Created Roadmap & Transition Architectures for phased modernization.
Defined Architecture Principles (Cloud-first, API-first, Zero Trust, AI-enabled).
BIZBOK (Business Architecture Guild)
Used for business capability modeling and aligning with lending KPIs.
Helped stakeholders see which business outcomes → which IT services.
G. Identity & Security Governance
🔹 Identity Governance with SailPoint
Objective: Ensure consistent, auditable, and compliant user access management across digital lending, Finacle/BaNCS, and partner systems (Fenergo, Actimize, etc.).
Approach:
Centralized Identity Store
Azure AD = primary identity provider (authentication + MFA).
SailPoint = governs identity lifecycle, access certifications, toxic combos.
Joiner–Mover–Leaver (JML) Process
Automated provisioning/de-provisioning through SailPoint connectors to:
Core Banking (Finacle/TCS BaNCS)
Lending Microservices
Partner platforms (Fenergo, Actimize)
Zero manual provisioning = reduced insider threat risk.
Access Reviews & Recertification
Quarterly campaigns automated in SailPoint.
Critical roles (Loan Approver, AML Reviewer) require manager + compliance dual approval.
Segregation of Duties (SoD)
Toxic combinations (e.g., Loan Creator + Loan Approver) flagged by SailPoint.
Automated remediation workflow.
Audit & Compliance Integration
Full logs available for RBI/SEBI audits.
Identity dashboards → real-time access risk posture.
🔹 Security Governance
Objective: Establish a robust end-to-end security framework aligned with SABSA (security architecture) and NIST CSF.
Layers & Controls:
Network Security
Azure Firewall, NSG, WAF in front of APIs.
Segmentation of zones (DMZ, App, Data, Management).
Application Security
DevSecOps integrated (SAST, DAST, container scans in CI/CD).
Secure coding standards (OWASP Top 10).
API Gateway with OAuth2 + JWT tokens.
Data Security
Encryption: AES-256 at rest, TLS 1.3 in transit.
Azure Purview for lineage & classification.
Tokenization of PAN/Aadhaar before leaving CBS.
Identity & Access Security
Azure AD Conditional Access (risk-based).
SailPoint access governance.
Just-In-Time (JIT) privileged access via Azure PIM.
Threat Detection & Response
SIEM: Azure Sentinel + Actimize alerts for AML/Fraud.
SOAR playbooks for automated response (lock account, block IP).
24x7 SOC monitoring.
Governance & Compliance
Frameworks applied: TOGAF (EA) + SABSA (Security) + NIST CSF.
Continuous compliance monitoring with Azure Policy + Defender for Cloud.
RBI, SEBI, FATCA/OFAC regulatory mappings baked into controls.
🔹 Security Governance Operating Model
Security Review Board (SRB) — parallel to ARB, chaired by CISO.
RACI Matrix:
CISO: Accountable for enterprise security posture.
Security Architect (EA team): Responsible for embedding controls in designs.
Delivery Leads: Consulted for implementation feasibility.
All Teams: Informed about new policies.
Cadence:
Weekly threat review calls.
Monthly joint ARB+SRB sync.
Quarterly board-level risk posture presentation
Security Framework
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) → Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover.
ISO 27001 & RBI Cyber Security Guidelines → to ensure regulatory compliance.
Zero Trust Security Model (Forrester-based):
Enforced least privilege access via Azure AD + SailPoint.
Network micro-segmentation via Istio Service Mesh.
Continuous Authentication/Authorization using risk-based policies.
OWASP ASVS + DevSecOps → integrated into CI/CD pipelines for vulnerability scanning.
H. Governance & Compliance Frameworks
COBIT 2019 (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology)
For IT governance, decision rights, accountability matrix.
Defined EA-level guardrails for risk, compliance, and investment tracking.
ITIL v4 (Service Management)
For operational governance – incident, problem, change management.
Linked to Ops KPIs (MTTR, SLA compliance, uptime).
Regulatory Compliance Alignment
FATCA, OFAC, FIU-IND, RBI KYC/CDD → embedded into architecture.
GDPR/DPDP Act (India 2023) → data privacy & consent tracking.
I. Collaboration & Delivery Frameworks
Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe 6.0)
Used for multi-squad Agile delivery.
Maintained Program Increment (PI) planning cadence.
Gave visibility to CIO, CRO, CTO via Agile Release Trains (ARTs).
DevOps & DevSecOps Operating Model
Shift-left testing, policy-as-code (Terraform + Azure Policy).
Automated security scans, compliance gates, audit log generation.
Architecture Governance Board (EAB)
Chaired by Chief Architect/EA with CIO, CRO, Security Head.
Approved design patterns, reviewed architecture deviations.
Ensured KPIs tracked across business, delivery, security, compliance, operations.
Threat Modeling (Security by Design)
Framework: STRIDE + OWASP Top 10 integrated in design reviews.
Examples:
Spoofing: Fake loan applications → Mitigation: Aadhaar OTP, PAN API validation, Fenergo KYC.
Tampering: Loan data manipulation → Mitigation: Hashing, immutability with blockchain ledger (future roadmap).
Repudiation: User denies transaction → Mitigation: Non-repudiation via digital signature (eSign, Aadhaar).
Information Disclosure: PII leaks → Mitigation: Data masking, tokenization, field-level encryption.
Denial of Service: Loan portal downtime → Mitigation: Azure Front Door + CDN + DDoS Protection.
Elevation of Privilege: Unauthorized access → Mitigation: RBAC + PAM (Privileged Access Management).
Partner & Integration Landscape
Fenergo → KYC/CDD/EDD workflows, API integration.
Actimize → AML/Fraud detection, CTR/STR/NTR/CBWR reports, FIU-IND integration.
Experian / CIBIL → Credit Score API.
Experian Hunter → Fraud Score API.
TCS BaNCS / Finacle → Core Banking System.
ABC Bank Batch Jobs → SFTP → Actimize ingestion → ETL pipeline → FIU-IND reporting.
Standards, Patterns, KPIs & Principles (Expanded)
🔹 Architecture Principles
Cloud-First, API-First – all new services are cloud-native and API-enabled.
Security by Design – every microservice follows “least privilege” and is scanned in CI/CD pipelines.
Compliance-Driven – regulatory obligations (SEBI, RBI, FATCA, OFAC, GDPR) embedded into architecture.
Reuse over Build – prefer reusing enterprise services (KYC, Credit Scoring, AML) before building anew.
Event-Driven & Real-Time – Kafka backbone for streaming data (fraud alerts, credit checks).
Data is an Asset – single source of truth (golden customer record), data lineage, audit trails.
Observability & Transparency – monitoring, logging, tracing integrated into every layer.
Vendor-Agnostic – core services remain portable across Azure/AWS/GCP where possible.
Automation First – IaC, automated regression, auto ML retraining pipelines.
Customer-Centric – architecture optimized for faster, simpler lending journeys.
🔹 Architecture Standards
Microservices Standards:
Spring Boot, Java 17, REST/gRPC, Kafka for event streaming.
Circuit breaker pattern (Resilience4j), API Gateway (Azure APIM).
Idempotency for all financial transactions.
Security Standards:
OWASP Top 10 compliance.
Encryption (AES-256 at rest, TLS 1.3 in transit).
Azure Key Vault for secrets.
SailPoint-driven role lifecycle, JML (Joiner-Mover-Leaver) automation.
Data Standards:
Master Data Management (MDM) for customer profile.
Data quality rules defined for KYC/AML.
GDPR-compliant PII anonymization.
DevOps Standards:
IaC with Terraform/Bicep.
CI/CD with gated builds, SAST/DAST, container scans.
Blue-green & canary deployments.
🔹 Design & Integration Patterns
Event-Driven Pattern: Loan events → Kafka → downstream microservices (AML, Fraud).
Strangler Fig Pattern: Gradually replace legacy CBS modules with microservices.
Anti-Corruption Layer: Between new microservices and Finacle/BaNCS.
Saga Pattern: Distributed loan transaction consistency.
CQRS & Event Sourcing: For credit decisioning and fraud audit trails.
API Façade Pattern: Hide legacy CBS APIs with modern REST façade.
Batch Offload Pattern: Legacy Proc*C → Spring Batch with event triggers.
🔹 KPIs (Key Performance Indicators)
Business Outcome KPIs
Loan onboarding TAT ↓ from 5 days → 1 day.
Fraud detection accuracy ↑ 35%.
Customer NPS ↑ 20%.
Reduction in NPAs by 15%.
Customer Drop-Off Rate (Onboarding): Reduced by 30%.
Loan Disbursal Growth: Increased disbursement volume by 40% YOY.
Regulatory Penalties: 0 incidents post transformation.
Delivery KPIs
Release frequency ↑ 3x (quarterly → monthly).
Cycle Time (Idea to Production): Reduced by 35%.
MTTR (Mean Time to Recover) ↓ to <2 hrs.
Defect leakage < 2% in production.
Automation test coverage > 85%.
Deployment Automation: 95% of deployments automated via DevOps.
Defect Density (Prod vs UAT): Reduced by 30%
Modernization Coverage: 100% migration of EJB, PL/SQL, Proc*C to microservices.
Automation Accelerators: Achieved 40% faster migration using code generation tools.
Security KPIs
100% APIs secured with OAuth2/JWT.
0 critical/high vulnerabilities in production.
100% encryption compliance (data at rest/in transit).
SailPoint governance – 100% toxic combo policy compliance.
IAM Compliance (Access Recertification): 98% completion on time via SailPoint.
Critical Vulnerabilities (CVEs): Reduced by 40% (via DevSecOps pipelines).
MFA Adoption: 100% for external users, 95% for internal staff.
Zero Trust Readiness: 100% critical services covered with RBAC + network micro-segmentation.
Data Security: 100% sensitive data encrypted at rest & in transit.
Compliance & Governance KPIs
100% RBI/SEBI compliance reports generated via Actimize.
100% Azure workloads tagged & governed by Azure Policy.
Regulatory Report Accuracy (CTR, STR, NTR, CBWR): 100% submission with no rejections by FIU-IND.
RBI KYC/CDD/EDD Audits: 100% compliance achieved, no audit findings.
GDPR/PII Access Exceptions: Reduced to <2%.
IGA Coverage: 95% applications integrated with SailPoint for governance.
Audit-Readiness: SLA of 24 hours to provide evidence for any audit.
Operational KPIs
Infra cost reduction by 30%.
Cloud resource utilization > 70%.
Uptime / Availability: Achieved 99.99% via Azure Front Door + AKS active-active setup.
Mean batch processing time reduced by 50%.
System Throughput: Supported 150k concurrent user,5K–8K TPS sustained without degradation.
Incident MTTR: Reduced from 8 hours → 1 hour (via SRE practices).
Monitoring Coverage: 95% services integrated with Prometheus + Grafana + ELK.
Scalability: Auto-scale to 3x load during seasonal peaks (e.g., festive home loan offers).
2. Enterprise Architecture Governance Operating Model
🔹 2.1 Architecture Review Board (ARB)
Purpose: Ensure all digital lending and modernization initiatives align with enterprise strategy, standards, and compliance.
Membership:
Chair: Chief Enterprise Architect
Permanent Members: Domain Architects (Security, Data, Application, Infra), Compliance Officer, CISO rep.
Advisory Members: Business Product Owners, Delivery Managers, Vendor SMEs (Fenergo, Actimize, Infosys Finacle, TCS BaNCS).
Cadence: Bi-weekly reviews + emergency ad-hoc reviews for regulatory changes.
Scope:
Review architecture blueprints, solution designs, migration waves.
Approve/reject deviations from standards.
Track enterprise KPIs and risks.
🔹 2.2 Governance Processes
Architecture Compliance Reviews (ACR)
Each project passes through checkpoints (Inception → Design → Build → Deploy).
Checklist-driven (standards, security, data, integration).
Non-compliance = remediation plan logged.
Standards & Patterns Management
Patterns published in a central Architecture Repository (Confluence/SharePoint).
Updates every quarter with ARB approval.
Mandatory use in all new projects.
Risk & KPI Tracking
Top 50 risks tracked in Enterprise Risk Register (Excel/ServiceNow).
KPIs reviewed monthly in ARB → escalations to CIO/CDO if deviations >10%.
Exception Management
Projects can raise “Architecture Exception Requests” (AER).
EA team assesses impact, grants time-bound waivers, tracks for closure.
🔹 2.3 RACI for EA Governance
Activity | Responsible | Accountable | Consulted | Informed |
Define EA Principles & Standards | Enterprise Architect | CIO | Security, Data, Business Heads | All IT Teams |
Solution Architecture Review | Domain Architects | Chief EA | Business Owner, Vendor Partners | Delivery Teams |
Security & Compliance Validation | Security Architect | CISO | Risk & Compliance, EA | CIO, Project Sponsors |
Technology Selection (Tools/Vendors) | EA + CTO Office | CTO | Procurement, Partners | Finance, Delivery Teams |
Risk Register & Mitigation Tracking | EA Office | CIO | Risk, Compliance, PMO | Steering Committee |
KPI Tracking & Reporting | EA Office | CIO/CDO | Business & Operations | Board & Regulators (as req) |
🔹 2.4 Collaboration & Communication
Collaboration Tools: Jira + Confluence for backlog, Azure DevOps for CI/CD pipelines, ServiceNow for risk/governance.
Stakeholder Forums:
Monthly Steering Committee: CIO, CDO, CRO, Business Heads → review strategy alignment.
Quarterly Vendor Summit: Infosys (Finacle), TCS (BaNCS), Fenergo, Actimize → roadmap sync.
Weekly Architecture Standup: Architects + Delivery Managers → unblock tactical design issues.
🔹 2.5 Governance KPIs
% of projects passing ARB review on first attempt (>85%).
% of patterns reused across projects (>70%).
% of open AERs older than 90 days <5
Compliance audit pass rate (100% for RBI/SEBI).
EA repository updates delivered every quarter.
5. RACI Matrix (Sample)
Function | Responsible | Accountable | Consulted | Informed |
KYC/EDD/CDD (Fenergo) | Compliance Team | Chief Risk Officer | IT Security, EA | Regulators |
AML (Actimize) | AML Ops | CRO | IT, EA | FIU-IND |
Credit Score | Risk Mgmt | CRO | EA | Customer |
Fraud Score | Fraud Ops | CRO | EA | Audit |
Loan Evaluation | Underwriting | CIO | EA | Business |
Agreement Mgmt | Legal | COO | IT | Customer |
Disbursement | Operations | COO | IT | Builder |
Compliance Reporting | Compliance Ops | CRO | EA | FIU-IND/RBI |
5. Top 50 Enterprise Risks (Excel-Style Table)
Risk ID | Risk Name | Category | Owner | Mitigation Plan |
R1 | KYC Data Mismatch | Business | Compliance Head | Auto-validation rules + Manual review |
R2 | False Positive in AML | Business | AML Ops Lead | Secondary screening + escalation workflow |
R3 | API Failure with Fenergo | Integration | EA Lead | Retry logic + Circuit breaker |
R4 | Actimize ETL Delay | Integration | Data Ops | Parallel batch processing |
R5 | Credit Score API Timeout | Technology | Risk IT | Fallback to alternate bureau |
R6 | Fraud Score Misclassification | Application | Fraud Ops | ML retraining + Explainability checks |
R7 | SFTP File Corruption | Data | Data Ops | Checksum + Auto re-upload |
R8 | FIU-IND Report Rejection | Compliance | Compliance Head | Pre-validation against schema |
R9 | Regulatory Non-Compliance | Governance | CRO | Continuous compliance audits |
R10 | Azure AD Outage | Technology | IAM Lead | Secondary IdP fallback |
R11 | SailPoint Sync Failure | Integration | IAM Ops | Scheduled reconciliation jobs |
R12 | Unauthorized Access | Security | CISO | MFA, RBAC, Zero Trust |
R13 | Data Breach | Security | CISO | DLP, encryption, SIEM |
R14 | GenAI Hallucination | AI | CIO | RAG, human-in-loop validation |
R15 | Legacy Migration Delay | Process | Modernization Lead | Automated code conversion tools |
R16 | DevOps Pipeline Failure | Technology | DevOps Lead | Self-healing pipelines |
R17 | Container Vulnerability | Security | CISO | Image scanning (Trivy) |
R18 | CBS Integration Failure | Integration | Core Banking Lead | Failover + Retry |
R19 | Loan Agreement E-Sign Failure | Application | Legal Ops | Alternate signing provider |
R20 | Builder Fraud | Business | Credit Ops | Builder due diligence process |
R21 | Duplicate Loan Application | Process | Lending Ops | Deduplication logic |
R22 | Customer Data Privacy Violation | Compliance | DPO | GDPR/DPDP compliance |
R23 | Oracle Form Migration Failure | Modernization | App Modernization Lead | Incremental rollout |
R24 | PL/SQL Conversion Error | Application | DBA Lead | Automated regression testing |
R25 | Incorrect Fraud Flag | Business | Fraud Ops | Dual scoring validation |
R26 | Report Submission Delay | Compliance | Compliance Ops | SLA monitoring |
R27 | Capacity Overload on AKS | Technology | Cloud Ops | Auto-scaling enabled |
R28 | Network Latency with Partners | Integration | Network Lead | VPN optimization |
R29 | Key Vault Access Denied | Security | IAM Lead | Rotation policy + Monitoring |
R30 | Missing Audit Logs | Governance | Audit Head | Immutable WORM storage |
R31 | Unauthorized API Calls | Security | CISO | API Gateway + WAF |
R32 | Customer Drop-off in Onboarding | Business | CX Head | Assisted journey via chatbot |
R33 | Loan Default | Business | Risk Head | Early warning systems |
R34 | GenAI Data Leakage | Security | CISO | Prompt filtering + sandbox |
R35 | Cloud Vendor Lock-in | Technology | EA Lead | Cloud-agnostic design |
R36 | Poor DevSecOps Adoption | Process | DevOps Lead | Mandatory security gates |
R37 | Incorrect Credit Report | Partner | Risk Ops | Cross-check with multiple bureaus |
R38 | AML Model Drift | AI | Data Science Head | Continuous model retraining |
R39 | Inconsistent Data Model | Data | Data Architect | Master data governance |
R40 | Insider Threat | Security | HR + CISO | UEBA + HR policies |
R41 | Partner SLA Breach (Fenergo) | Partner | Vendor Mgmt | SLA monitoring + penalties |
R42 | Partner SLA Breach (Actimize) | Partner | Vendor Mgmt | Alternate risk scoring |
R43 | Incomplete Customer Consent | Compliance | Legal Ops | Consent management system |
R44 | Inaccurate Builder Info | Business | Credit Ops | Builder KYC verification |
R45 | Batch Job Failure (Proc*C) | Legacy | IT Ops | Migration to Spring Batch |
R46 | Orphaned Access Rights | Security | IAM Lead | SailPoint recertifications |
R47 | Slow Loan Disbursement | Process | Ops Head | Workflow automation |
R48 | Change Management Failure | Governance | CIO | CAB process |
R49 | Inadequate Training on New Systems | People | HR | Training programs |
R50 | Stakeholder Misalignment | Process | EA Lead | RACI governance model |
My Role as Enterprise Architect (EA)
You can articulate this in interview as:
Strategic Leadership:
Defined enterprise modernization strategy aligning with ABC Bank’s business goals, regulatory mandates (RBI, SEBI, FATCA, OFAC), and digital vision.
Defined target-state architecture using TOGAF ADM.
Built enterprise capability map → mapped to services, applications, and technology stack.
Defined business–IT alignment framework to ensure KPIs tracked across business, delivery, compliance, and operations.
Architecture Ownership:
Designed end-to-end reference architecture (customer onboarding → loan disbursement → compliance reporting → advisory).
Selected & integrated key partner systems: Fenergo, SailPoint, Actimize, CIBIL, Experian, Finacle/BaNCS.
Defined modernization blueprints (EJB → Spring Boot, PL/SQL → APIs, Oracle Forms → Angular).
Defined and enforced security, compliance, and governance guardrails.
Championed legacy modernization roadmap (EJB → Microservices, Oracle Forms → Angular, PL/SQL → APIs).
Established DevSecOps & CI/CD pipelines.
Technology Strategy & Governance:
Led technology evaluation and selection (Spring Boot, Angular, AKS, Terraform, DevSecOps stack, GenAI).
Defined architecture principles & standards adopted across lending, compliance, and mutual fund modernization.
Chaired design authority for reviewing solution designs and ensuring adherence to security, scalability, and compliance.
Risk & Compliance Alignment:
Built a Top 50 Enterprise Risk Register covering business, technology, security, integration, and partner risks.
Defined mitigation strategies & ownership (CRO, CIO, CISO, Ops Head).
Embedded audit trails and policy-as-code into DevOps pipelines for regulatory assurance.
Delivery Leadership:
Partnered with CIO, CRO, Compliance Head, Security Head to deliver the program.
Oversaw multi-squad Agile-SCRUM delivery (onboarding, KYC, AML, credit scoring, fraud detection, disbursement).
Mentored architects, engineering managers, and DevOps teams.
Innovation (GenAI & Advanced Tech):
Introduced GenAI-based Banking Advisor for customer FAQs.
Implemented Explainable AI (SHAP, LIME) for fraud scoring transparency.
Enabled document extraction & summarization using LangChain + Spring AI.
1. Digital Lending Journey – Step by Step (Enterprise Architect View)
Customer: Amit R (individual borrower)Builder: Prestige Group (real estate developer)Bank: ABC Bank
Customer Onboarding
Amit R initiates loan application via web/mobile banking portal.
Authentication handled by Azure AD; Identity lifecycle & governance managed by SailPoint.
KYC / EDD / CDD Checks
Application details routed to Fenergo for regulatory compliance.
RBI-mandated checks (PEP, Sanctions, FATCA, OFAC) performed.
Reports generated and stored in compliance data lake.
AML / Financial Crime Check
Data feed sent to Actimize for AML, fraud pattern analysis.
Batch jobs from ABC Bank CBS dropped into SFTP → picked by Actimize ingestion → ETL pipeline.
Reports generated: CTR, STR, NTR, CBWR.
Filed with FIU-IND.
Credit Assessment
Credit score fetched from CIBIL/Experian APIs.
Fraud score fetched from Experian Hunter.
Risk decisioning engine applies policies & thresholds.
Loan Evaluation
Automated decision engine evaluates eligibility.
Manual review triggered if risk thresholds breached.
Loan Sanction & Agreement
Digital agreement generated, e-signed by Amit R & Prestige Group.
Stored in document management repository with encryption.
Disbursement
Funds released via CBS core integration.
Builder Prestige Group receives direct credit.
Advisory & Post-Sanction Engagement
GenAI-powered Advisor answers loan FAQs, repayment options, foreclosure queries.
2. Digital Lending Journey – End-to-End Narrative
Customer Amit R starts his home loan application for a Prestige Group project.
Identity is authenticated via Azure AD; SailPoint ensures access governance.
Customer data is sent to Fenergo for automated KYC/CDD/EDD checks.
Parallelly, AML risk detection is handled by Actimize, consuming SFTP batch feeds from the bank’s CBS.
Credit bureau integration (CIBIL/Experian) provides risk profile, while Experian Hunter checks for fraud.
A unified decision engine consolidates KYC, AML, and credit scoring outputs.
If thresholds are met, the loan is auto-approved; otherwise, manual underwriters review.
Loan agreement is digitally generated, signed, and secured.
Funds are disbursed directly to Prestige Group’s account.
FIU-IND, RBI, and other regulators receive automated compliance reports.
GenAI chatbot supports Amit R during the lifecycle, from disbursement to repayment.
✅ Now this case study demonstrates end-to-end EA involvement:
Strategy (business-IT alignment, roadmap, governance).
Architecture (capability mapping, design, partner selection).
Execution Oversight (multi-squad delivery, DevOps/DevSecOps).
Risk & Compliance (audit readiness, regulatory alignment).
Innovation (GenAI, explainability, automation accelerators).
✅ Summary – As Enterprise Architect
IT Strategy Development: Modernization roadmap (legacy → microservices, DevOps, cloud-native).
Business–IT Alignment: Direct mapping of business goals (faster loans, compliance, CX) to IT capabilities.
Architecture Design: Detailed capability → service → application → technology mapping.
Technology Evaluation & Selection: Spring Boot, Angular, AKS, SailPoint, Fenergo, Actimize, GenAI.
Governance & Compliance: Integrated regulatory reporting to FIU-IND, RBI; IAM & data governance via SailPoint & Azure.
Stakeholder Collaboration: RACI model ensures cross-team alignment.
Enterprise Risks: 50 detailed risks across business, tech, data, process, security, partners, governance, each with owner & mitigation.
✅ This unified end-to-end case study presents you as an Enterprise Architect who can design, govern, modernize, and transform a complex BFSI platform while ensuring compliance, modernization, and digital innovation —.This unified document now contains end-to-end digital lending journey, EA strategy, capability maps, integrations, DevOps/modernization, security, governance, RACI, and top 50 risks with mitigation.
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