ABC Bank Digital Lending – Enterprise Architecture Case Study

ABC Bank Digital Lending – Enterprise Architecture Case Study (Text-Only)

Enterprise Architect: Anand N. NerurkarUse Case: Customer “Amit R” applying for a loan with builder “Prestige Group”Scope: Digital Lending Transformation across 100+ applications, cloud migration, modernization, regulatory compliance, DevOps/DevSecOps, AI/GenAI integration, and enterprise-wide governance.

1. Enterprise Vision & Roadmap

• Vision: Transform ABC Bank’s digital lending operations into a secure, scalable, and resilient cloud-native platform supporting event-driven microservices, AI-enabled automation, and end-to-end compliance.

• Roadmap:

  1. Conduct 100+ application inventory assessment using CAST and vFunction tools for legacy analysis.

  2. Define cloud migration strategy: lift-and-shift, re-platforming, and complete re-architecture for mission-critical apps.

  3. Implement legacy modernization blueprint: EJB/PLSQL → Spring Boot microservices, Pro*C Jobs → Spring Batch, Oracle Forms → Angular/React UI.

  4. Adopt event-driven architecture, containerization (AKS), API-first design.

  5. Embed security, compliance, and DevSecOps in all layers.

  6. Integrate partners and vendors (Fenergo, Actimize, SailPoint, CIBIL/Experian, TCS BaNCS, Infosys Finacle).

2. Digital Lending Journey – Customer “Amit R”

Step	Description	EA Role & Capabilities	Security & Compliance
Application Submission	Amit R submits loan application via web/app	Defined microservices architecture, API contracts, validated workflows	TLS/mTLS, input validation, MFA, secure GenAI chat
KYC/CDD/EDD	Identity verification for Amit R and Prestige Group	Integrated Fenergo for KYC/CDD/EDD; capability mapping for identity workflow	SailPoint IGA, encrypted data, audit trails
Credit & Fraud Score	Creditworthiness & fraud scoring	Integrated CIBIL/Experian, Experian Hunter; microservices orchestrated via Kafka	API security, PII encryption, anomaly monitoring
AML Screening	Transaction & sanction check	Actimize Crime engine feeds via SFTP batch, ETL pipelines	Immutable audit logs, compliance monitoring
Loan Evaluation & Approval	Multi-level approval workflow	Role-based access control, policy enforcement, event-driven orchestration	Segregation of duties, approval certification in SailPoint
Loan Disbursement	Funds released to Prestige Group	Core banking integration via TCS BaNCS / Infosys Finacle; resilient microservices	Encrypted transactions, MFA, zero-trust network
Reporting & Compliance	CTR/STR/NTR/CBWR, FIU-IND, RBI	Automated ETL pipelines, report generation; GenAI insights for compliance	Immutable logs, real-time monitoring, regulatory audit readiness
Post-Loan Monitoring	Ongoing repayment and fraud monitoring	Event-driven microservices, anomaly detection	Prometheus/Grafana alerts, AI fraud detection, audit trails

3. Capability Mapping

3.1 Capability Map

• Business Capabilities: Loan Origination, KYC/AML, Credit Assessment, Disbursement, Reporting & Compliance, Customer Advisory (AI)

• Application Capabilities: Digital Lending Portal, KYC/CDD Engine, Credit Score Engine, Fraud Detection, Core Banking Integration

• Service Capabilities: Microservices for onboarding, scoring, approval, AML check, reporting

• Technology Capabilities: Azure Cloud, AKS, API Management, Kafka, Spring Boot, DevSecOps Pipeline, GenAI

3.2 Capability – Service Mapping

Capability	Service	Notes
KYC & Onboarding	KYC Microservice	Fenergo, Azure Functions
Credit Assessment	Credit Score Microservice	CIBIL/Experian API
Fraud Detection	Fraud Scoring Microservice	Experian Hunter, Actimize
Loan Approval	Approval Workflow Service	Role-based access enforced by SailPoint
Disbursement	Payment Service	Core banking integration TCS BaNCS/Finacle
Compliance Reporting	Reporting Service	Automated CTR/STR/NTR, FIU-IND, RBI reports
Customer Advisory	GenAI Banking Advisor	LangChain, Spring AI, OpenAI API

3.3 Capability – Application Mapping

Capability	Application	Notes
Loan Origination	Digital Lending Portal	Angular/React UI, API-first
Identity Verification	Fenergo	KYC/CDD/EDD
Credit Score	CIBIL/Experian	API integration, scoring rules
Fraud Detection	Experian Hunter, Actimize	Event-driven, Kafka integration
Loan Processing & Disbursement	Core Banking (TCS BaNCS/Finacle)	Resilient microservices, secure API
Regulatory Reporting	AML/CTR/STR Microservice	FIU-IND, RBI, audit logs
AI Advisory	Spring AI + GenAI	LLM-powered guidance for customer FAQs

4. Patterns, Standards, Principles

• Patterns: Cloud-First, Secure-by-Design, Compliance-by-Design, Event-Driven, Zero Trust, Trust but Validate, Active-Active, DR Ready, Immutable Audit Logging, Microservices & API-First, Chaos Engineering Principles

• Standards: TOGAF (EA), SABSA (Security), ISO 27001, SOC 2, PCI DSS, RBI & SEBI compliance

• Principles: Business-IT Alignment, Least Privilege Access, Resilience, Observability, Continuous Compliance, Explainable AI, Operational Excellence

5. Legacy Modernization

• Approach: EJB/PLSQL → Spring Boot microservices, Pro*C Jobs → Spring Batch, Oracle Forms → Angular/React

• Tools: CAST, vFunction for analysis & automated refactoring recommendations

• Outcomes: Release cycle 8w → 2w, 30% cost reduction, event-driven resilient architecture

6. Cloud Migration Strategy

• Assessment of 100+ applications for lift-and-shift, re-platforming, re-architecture

• Azure-native target architecture: AKS, API Management, Application Gateway, Cosmos DB, Event Grid, Functions

• CI/CD pipelines via Azure DevOps, GitHub Actions, Terraform/Bicep

• Active-active deployments, load balancing, autoscaling, DR, chaos engineering

7. DevOps & DevSecOps

• CI/CD pipelines, SAST/DAST, container scanning, approval gates

• IaC scanning & policy enforcement

• Deployment automation: time ↓30%, vulnerabilities ↓40%

• SRE principles: SLAs, SLOs, error budgets, automated incident response

8. Security Architecture

• Identity & Access: SailPoint IGA + Azure AD + MFA + RBAC

• Data Security: Encryption at rest/in transit, tokenization, PII masking

• Network Security: WAF, Firewall, NSG, Front Door, Zero Trust

• Application Security: SAST/DAST, API security, secure coding standards

• AI/GenAI Security: Guardrails AI, LangChain, SHAP/LIME

• Threat Modeling: STRIDE + PASTA integrated into microservices

9. Operational & Resilient Architecture

• Monitoring & Observability: Prometheus/Grafana, ELK, Azure Monitor

• Resilient Patterns: Circuit breaker, bulkhead, retries, active-active, failover

• Chaos Engineering: Controlled failures, automated pipelines, continuous learning

10. Compliance Architecture

• Automated reporting for FIU-IND, RBI, CTR/STR/NTR/CBWR

• IAM-based segregation of duties

• Continuous audit trail, policy enforcement, regulatory compliance

11. Enterprise Risk Register (Sample 10/50+)

Risk ID	Name	Category	Owner	Mitigation Plan
R1	Unauthorized Access	Security	EA/Security	SailPoint IGA, RBAC, MFA, SSO, audit
R2	Data Breach	Data	Security	Encryption, monitoring, alerts
R3	AML Compliance Failure	Compliance	Compliance Team	Actimize integration, automated CTR/STR/NTR, audit-ready logs
R4	Fraudulent Loan Approval	Business	Risk Team	Experian Hunter scoring, approval workflow, SOD enforced
R5	System Downtime	Technology	EA/Operations	Active-active deployment, autoscale, DR drill, chaos engineering
R6	API Misuse	Integration	EA/Dev	API Gateway security, rate limiting, token auth, monitoring
R7	Legacy Migration Failure	Technology	EA/Dev	CAST & vFunction analysis, phased migration, automated tests
R8	Regulatory Violation	Compliance	Compliance Team	Continuous monitoring, audit trail, policy-as-code
R9	AI Model Bias	Technology	EA/Data	Explainable AI (SHAP/LIME), continuous evaluation
R10	Vendor SLA Breach	Partner	Vendor Mgmt	Contract enforcement, monitoring, redundancy, escalation

(Full 50+ risks can be expanded in Excel.)

12. KPIs

Layer	KPI Type	Metrics / Target
Business	Outcome	Loan approval TAT <24h, Customer Satisfaction >90%, Loan Portfolio Growth
Delivery	Delivery	Release Cycle 2w, Sprint Predictability 95%, Automated Test Coverage 90%
Security	Security	Vulnerabilities fixed 95%, IAM compliance 100%, Incident MTTR <1h
Compliance	Compliance	CTR/STR/NTR reporting 100%, Audit Trail 100%, Regulatory SLA 100%
Operational	Operations	System uptime 99.99%, Batch job success 100%, Queue lag <2min
Governance	Governance	EA Review Compliance 100%, Architecture Standards Adoption 100%

13. Enterprise Architect Role Summary

• Defined vision, roadmap, and capability maps aligned with bank strategy

• Drove legacy modernization blueprint and cloud-native architecture

• Owned security, compliance, and operational governance (TOGAF + SABSA)

• Defined/enforced standards, patterns, principles, KPIs

• Orchestrated partner/vendor integration (Fenergo, Actimize, SailPoint, Experian, Finacle, BaNCS)

• Enabled business-IT alignment with measurable KPIs

• Guided DevOps, DevSecOps, AI/GenAI adoption

• Ensured resilient, secure, and compliant architecture for all lending services

• Conducted risk assessment and mitigation, embedding controls into architecture